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This paper investigates what are the best practices for designing and implementing efficient user interfaces (UIs) for Head-Up Displays (HUDs). We present the results of an experiment with 14 subjects which test 2 types of HUD (windshield and custom plastic combiner). We analyze the acceptance levels of 3 UIs which differ in graphics and amount of information presented.

In order to customize the UIs, we design and implement a HUD prototype. The test subjects were asked to drive on a predefined path of approximately 1 km inside the city, and to use the built-in HUD. After the initial trials, the same subjects were asked to use the HUD prototype, which consists of a low-reflective glass and a short-throw projector.

We have used a modified version of a HARUS questionnaire to assess the manipulability and the comprehensibility of the different HUDs and UIs, which greatly vary the amount of data presented to the driver. We draw appropriate conclusions related to the acceptance of this technology. Furthermore, we present a set of guidelines for developing larger HUDs.